Single Camera Production is where one camera is used to film each individual shot which will then be edited to create a scene. Each of the shots and camera angles is taken with the same camera which will then be moved and reset, ready to take new shots and angles.
In single camera production, if there is a scene which cuts back and forth between actors A and B, the director will first use the actor A and shoot the shots that they are in and then do the same for actor B. In the editing process, the shots will be put into their final order. In contrast, multiple camera setup would include more than one camera and will record a variety of angles simultaneously; the director will then choose the shots that he likes, from all angles and they will be put in their final order in the editing process. Although the single camera setup enables the director to have more power and control over the shots, it is more expensive and time consuming compared to multiple camera production. The single camera setup originated from the classical Hollywood cinema in the 1910s and has remained the standard mode of production. In television, however, the multiple camera setup is more likely to be used and just as common.
I found the information from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-camera_setup and put it into my own words.
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